spermatophyta (phylogenetic tree)

>> PLANTAE

Models for a phylogenetic tree of Spermatophyta (see German Wiki):

Anthophytes-hypothesis:

-A1- Cycadophyta: Fieder-Nacktsamer

-A2- Ginkgophyta: Ginkgogewächse (Nacktsamer)

-A3a- Coniferophyta: Koniferen ohne Pinaceae (Nacktsamer)

-A3b- Pinaceae: Föhrengewächse (Nacktsamer)

-B1- Gnetophyta: Meerträubel, Welwitschia (Nacktsamer)

-B2- Angiospermophyta (Bedecktsamer)

Gnetales-sister-hypothesis:

-A- Gnetopsida

-B1a- Cycadophyta

-B1b- Ginkgophyta

-B1c1- Coniferophyta (ohne Pinaceae)

-B1c2- Pinaceae

-B2- Angiospermophyta

Gnetifer-hypothesis:

-A1- Cycadophyta

-A2- Ginkgophyta

-A3a- Gnetopsida

-A3b1- Coniferophyta (ohne Pinaceae)

-A3b2- Pinaceae

-B- Angiospermophyta

Gnepine-hypothesis:

-A1- Cycadophyta

-A2- Ginkgophyta

-A3a- Coniferophyta (ohne Pinaceae)

-A3b1- Gnetopsida

-A3b2- Pinaceae

-B- Angiospermophyta

tracheophyta (phylogenetic tree)

>> PLANTAE

- phylogenetic tree of Tracheophyta (supradivisio): Vascular plants (higher plants) - Gefässpflanzen (Höhere Pflanzen) (Cormophyta, Siphonophyta)

-/- Lycopodiopsida: Bärlapppflanzen ["Pteridophyta"]

-/-A- Lycopodiales: Bärlappe

-/-B1- Isoetales: Brachsenkräuter

-/-B2- Selaginellales: Moosfarne

-/- Euphyllophyta

-/-A- Monilophyta: Farne ["Pteridophyta"]

-/-A1- Psilotopsida: Natternzungen + Gabelblattgewächse (Urfarne)

-/-A2a- Equisetopsida: Schachtelhalme

-/-A2b- Marattiopsida

-/-A2c- Polypodiopsida: Echte Farne

-/-B- Spermatophyta: Vascular plants - Samenpflanzen ["Non-Pteridophyta"]

bryophyta

>> PLANTAE

- Bryophyta (supradivisio): Mosses - Moose: polyphyletic; they consider rather steps towards higher plants and thus cannot be considered a closely related monophyletic group

-.- Hepaticophytina [Hepaticae] ([sub]divisio): Lebermoose

-.-/- Marchantiopsida (classis)

-.-/-.- Monocleidae (subclassis)

-.-/-.- Sphaerocarpidae (subclassis)

-.-/-.- Marchantiidae (subclassis)

-.-/- Blasiopsida (classis)

-.-/- Treubiopsida (classis)

-.-/- Fossombroniopsida (classis)

-.-/- Haplomitriopsida (classis)

-.-/- Jungermanniopsida (classis)

-.-/-.- Metzgeriidae (subclassis)

-.-/-.- Jungermanniidae (subclassis)

-.-.- Bryophytina ([sub]divisio): Laubmoose iwS

-.-.-/- Sphagnopsida (classis): Torfmoose iwS

-.-.-/- Andreaeopsida (classis): Klaffmoose

-.-.-/- Takakiopsida (classis)

-.-.-/- Bryopsida (classis): Laubmose ieS

-.-.-/-.- Polytrichidae (subclassis)

-.-.-/-.- Tetraphididae (subclassis)

-.-.-/-.- Buxbaumiidae (subclassis)

-.-.-/-.- Bryidae (subclassis): Echte Laubmoose

-.-.-.- Anthocerotophyta (divisio): Hornmoose ("sister group" to Tracheophyta, significantly set apart of other mosses, highly developped and closer to plants than to Bryopsida and Hepaticophytina)

-.-.-.-/- Anthocerotales (classis)

-.-.-.-/-.- Anthocerotaceae (familia)

-.-.-.-/-.- Notothyladaceae (familia)

tetraconata

>> ECDYSOZOA

- Tetraconata (phylum) (or first phylum of Arthropoda in other models): Crabs and allies plus insects - Krustentiere und Insekten

-.- Hexapoda (subphylum): Sechsfüsser

The phylogenetic model of Hexapoda is discussed controversely, it still remains unclear where to put Diplura (see Wiki); therefore three models are shown:

-.-/-A- Entognatha (classis)

-.-/-A1- Ellipura (seria)

-.-/-A1a- Collembola ([sub]classis): Springtails - Springschwänze

-.-/-A1b- Protura ([sub]classis/ordo): Coneheads - Beintastler

-.-/-A2- Diplura ([sub]classis/ordo): Two-pronged bristletails - Doppelschwänze

-.-/-B- Ectognatha (classis)

-.-/-B-.- Insecta ([sub]classis): Insects - Insekten

Alternative model 1: two groups Collembola/Protura vs. Diplura/Insecta considered to be on the same classification levely

Alternative model 2: three groups, Collembola/Protura grouped to gether as well as two separate groups Diplura and Insecta

deuterostomia

>> ANIMALIA

- Deuterostomia (superphylum): Blastopore (first opening) becomes anus (higher Bilateria) - Neumünder (Urmund wird zum After, Mund entsteht aus Urdarm)

-.- Xenambulacraria (seria)

-.-/- Xenoturbellida (phylum): Wurmähnliche Neumünder

-.-/-a- Ambulacraria: Echinodermata (phylum): Sea urchins and relatives - Stachelhäuter

-.-/-b- Ambulacraria: Hemichordata (phylum): Kiemenlochtiere

-.- Chordata (phylum): Chordates (animals with chorda or spine) - Chordatiere (Tiere mit Chorda oder Wirbelsäule)

-.-/- Acrania [Cephalochordata; Leptocardia] (subphylum): Fish without cranium and spine - Schädellose

-.-/-a- Olfactores: Tunicata [Urochordata] (subphylum): Tunicates - Manteltiere

-.-/-b- Olfactores: Craniata [Vertebrata; Craniota] (subphylum): Wirbeltiere (Schädeltiere)

-.-/-b-/- Hyperoartia (classis): Sea lamprey and other jawless fish

-.-/-b-/- 7 unranked and now extinct classes: Conodonta, Pteraspidomorphi, Thelodonti, Anaspida, Galeaspida, Pituriaspida, Osteostraci

-.-/-b-/-.- Gnathostomata (infraphylum): Jawed Craniata (Vertebrata)

-.-/-b-/-.-/- Chondrichthyes (classis): Cartilaginous fishes - Knorpelfische

-.-/-b-/-.-/- 2 extinct unranked classes: Placodermi, Acanthodii

-.-/-b-/-.-/- Osteichthyes (supraclassis): Bony fish - Knochenfische

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-Actinopterygii (classis): Ray-finned fish - Strahlenflosser

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.- Sarcopterygii (classis): Lobe-finned fish - Fleischflosser

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.- Coelacanthimorpha (subclassis)

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.- Dipnoi (subclassis): Lungfish - Lungenfisch

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.- Tetrapodomorpha (subclassis): Ancestral to tetrapods - Vorgänger der Landwirbeltiere

-.-/-b-/-.-/- Tetrapoda (supraclassis): Four-limbed Craniata (Vertebrata) - Landwirbeltiere

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.- Amphibia (classis): Amphibians - Lurche

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.- Amniota (informal group): Animals who have developped an amniotic embryo - Amniontiere, Nabeltiere (Tiere mit in Fruchtwasser - im Ei oder in der Gebärmutter - aufwachsenden Embryos)

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.- Sauropsida (informal group; Reptilia being discounted as a paraphyletic group)

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/- Anapsida (subclassis): Anapsids - Schläfengrubenlose

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/-/- several extinct orders

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/-/-(??) Testudines (ordo) (taxonomy disputed): Turtles - Schildkröten

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/- Romeriida: Diapsida: Sauria (serie): several extinct Sauria species

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/-/- Romeriida: Diapsida: Sauria: Lepidosauromorpha (subclassis): Lizards, snakes, tuataras, and their extinct relatives - Eidechsen, Schlangen, Brückenechsen und ihre ausgestorbenen Verwandten

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/-/-.- Squamata (ordo): Lizards and snakes - Eidechsen und Schlangen

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/-/-.- Sphenodontia (ordo): Lizard-like reptiles (only one living genus) - Brückenechsen

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/-/- Romeriida: Diapsida: Sauria: Archosauromorpha (subclassis): Crocodiles, birds, and their extinct relatives - Krokodile, Vögel und ihre ausgestorbenen Verwandten (see Wiki for phylogeny)

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/-/-.-(non-Saurus-branch)- Crocodilia (ordo): Crocodiles - Krokodile

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/-/-.-.-(Saurus-branch)- Aves (classis): Birds - Vögel

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.- Synapsida (subclassis): Mammal-like reptiles - Säugetierähnliche Reptilien: now extinct ancestors of mammals which looked like reptiles; phylogenetic models (see Wiki) suggest that they aren't a class in the strict sense but rather steps in evolution which lead to mammals

-.-/-b-/-.-/-.-.-/- Mammalia (classis): Mammals - Säugetiere

ecdysozoa

>> ANIMALIA

- Ecdysozoa (superphylum): Insects and other animals (worms) at Protostomia rank - Häutungstiere: Insekten, Würmer u. a.

Phylogenetic tree according to Dunn et al. 2008 (Wiki).

-.- incertae sedis (?): Loricifera (phylum): Korsetttierchen

-.-A1a- Tardigrada (phylum): Water bears - Bärtierchen

-.-A1b1- Nematoda (phylum): Roundworms - Fadenwürmer

-.-A1b2- Nematomorpha (phylum): Horsehair worms (Gordian worms) - Saitenwürmer

-.-A2a- Priapulida (phylum): Penisworms - Priapswürmer

-.-A2b- Kinorhyncha (phylum): Mud dragons - Hakenrüssler

-.-B1- Onychophora (phylum): Velvet worms - Stummelfüsser

-.-B2a- Tetraconata (phylum) (or first phylum of Arthropoda in other models): Crabs and allies plus insects - Krustentiere und Insekten

-.-B2b1- Myriapoda (phylum) (or second phylum of Arthropoda in other models): Millipedes and allies - Tausendfüsser

-.-B2b2- Chelicerata (phylum) (or phylum/subphylum of Arthropoda in other models): Spiders, scorpions and allies - Kieferklauenträger

-.-B2b2-.- Arachnida (classis): Spiders, ticks, scorpions and allies - Spinnentiere

-.-B2b2-.- Eurypterida (classis+): Sea scorpions

-.-B2b2-.- Xiphosura (classis): Horseshoe crabs

-.-B2b2-.- Pycnogonida (classis): Sea spiders

lophotrochozoa

>> ANIMALIA

- Lophotrochozoa (superphylum): Squids, snails and many worms at Protostomia rank (mouth develops from blastopore) - Kopffüsser, Weichtiere, Würmer etc. (Urmünder: Mund entsteht aus Urmund)

-.- Annelida (phylum): Bristle worms, ragworms, earthworms, leeches and their allies - Ringelwürmer

-.- Bryozoa (phylum): Moss animals - Moostierchen

-.- Sipuncula (phylum): Peanut worms - Spritzwürmer

-.- Mollusca (phylum): Snails, clams, squids etc. - Weichtiere

-.-/- Solenogastres (subphylum): Furchenfüsser

-.-/- Caudofoveata (subphylum): Schildfüsser

-.-/- Polyplacophora (subphylum): Chitons - Käferschnecken

-.-/- Conchifera (subphylum): Schalenweichtiere

-.-/-.- [Cyrtosoma: Gekrümmtschaler]

-.-/-.-/- Monoplacophora (classis): Einschaler (Urmützenschnecken, Napfschaler)

-.-/-.-/- Gastropoda (classis): Snails and allies (univalves) - Schnecken

-.-/-.-/- Cephalopoda (classis): Octopods, squids and allies - Kopffüsser

-.-/-.- [Diasoma: Gestrecktschaler]

-.-/-.-/- Scaphopoda (classis): Tusk shells - Kahnfüsser

-.-/-.-/- Bivalvia (classis): Mussels, clams and allies - Muscheln

-.- Nemertea (phylum): Ribbon worms - Schnurwürmer

-.- Entoprocta (phylum): Kamptozoans - Kelchwürmer

-.-.- Phoronida (phylum): Horseshoe worms - Hufeisenwürmer

-.-.- Brachiopoda (phylum): Lamp shells - Armfüsser

cycadophytina

>> Embryophyta - PLANTAE

Cyadophytina + Gnetophytina (subdivisio): Cycads - Fieder-Nacktsamer (Gymnospermae p.p.) - Cycadophyta, Gnetophyta

Both Cycads and Gnetales are phylogenetically different groups but may be related closely (see also Spermatophyta phylogenetic tree); most species are tropical.

- Cycadopsida (classis): Cycaspflanzen - Cycadophyta/Cycadophytina

-/- Cycadales (ordo): Cycasartige

-/-.- Cycadinae (subordo)

(16b. Cycadaceae: Cycasgewächse: Sagopalme)

-/-.- Zamiineae (subordo)

(16b.2 Stangeriaceae: nacktsamige Palmfarne)

(16b.3 Zamiaceae: nacktsamige Palmfarne)

- Gnetopsida (classis): Gnetumpflanzen (Chlamydospermae) - Gnetophyta/Gnetophytina

-.- Ephedridae (subclassis): Meerträubelpflanzen

-.-/- Ephedrales (ordo): Meerträubelartige

17. Ephedraceae: Meerträubelgewächse

-.- Gnetidae (subclassis)

-.-/- Gnetales (ordo)

(17.2 Gnetaceae: Lianen, Sträucher, Bäume)

-.- Welwitschidae (subclassis)

-.-/- Welwitschiales (ordo)

(17.3 Welwitschiaceae: Welwitschia)

coniferophytina

>> Embryophyta - PLANTAE

Coniferophytina: Conifers and conifer allies - Nadel-Nacktsamer (Gymnospermae p.p.)

- Ginkgoopsida (classis): Ginkopflanzen

-/- Ginkgoales (ordo): Ginkoartige

13d. Ginkgoaceae: Ginkogewächse

- Coniferopsida (classis): Conifers - Nadelhölzer (Koniferen)

-.- Pinidae (subclassis): Föhrenpflanzen

-.-/- Pinales (ordo): Föhrenartige

14. Pinaceae: Föhrengewächse

(14.1 Araucariaceae: Araukariengewächse: sehr altertümlich, Rückzugsgebiete auf der Südhalbkugel)

(14.2 Podocarpaceae: Steineibengewächse, überwiegend tropisch und subtropisch, Südhalbkugel)

15. Cupressaceae: Zypressengewächse

15b. Taxodiaceae: Sumpfzypressengewächse

(15b.1 Sciadopityaceae: Schirmtannengewächse, Japan)

16. Taxaceae: Eibengewächse

(16.1 Cephalotaxaceae: Kopfeibengewächse, Asien)

-.-/- Voltziales (ordo+): nur fossile Vertreter

fungi

>> ARBOR VITAE

- Eumycota (regnum): Fungi - Pilze

Taxonomy: see Index fungorum which is an international project on fungi nomenclature; it indicates the status of names (correct names, wrong and disputed names, synonyms, nomenclatoric author); the tree of life used for fungi here mainly relies on Wiki, but I'll try to include Index fungorum nomenclature (as nomenclature is changing constantly it is almost impossible to keep it all up to date)

-.- several disputed groups and species incertae sedis

-.-/- Dikarya (subregnum): Higher fungi - Höhere Pilze

-.-/-/- Ascomycota (phylum): Sac fungi - Schlauchpilze

-.-/-/-.- Taphrinomycotina [Archaeoascomycetes] (subphylum): Not growing sporocarps, both parasitic (mostly on plants) and saprobiontic species - Keinen Fruchtkörper bildend, Parasiten (schmarotzend) und Saprobionten (von totem organischem Material lebend)

-.-/-/-.- Saccharomycotina [Hemiascomycetes] (subphylum): Yeasts: not growing sporocarps - Echte Hefen: bilden keine Fruchtkörper

-.-/-/-.- Pezizomycotina [Euascomycetes] (subphylum): Sac fungi proper (with sporocarps) - Echte Schlauchpilze (bilden Fruchtkörper)

-.-/-/-.-/- 3 orders incertae sedis: Lahmiales, Medeolariales, Triblidiales

-.-/-/-.-/- Arthoniomycetes (classis): Mostly lichenised - Flechtenbildner

-.-/-/-.-/- Dothideomycetes (classis): Some parasites, some lichenised, and some "proper" fungi - Einige Parasiten und Flechtenbildner, aber auch "Grosspilze"

-.-/-/-.-/- Eurotiomycetes (classis): Penicillium and other moulds - Penicillin und andere Schimmelpilze

-.-/-/-.-/- Laboulbeniomycetes (classis): Mostly insect parasites - Hauptsächlich Insektenparasiten

-.-/-/-.-/- Lecanoromycetes (classis): Mostly lichenised (most important lichen fungi group) - Flechtenbildner (wichtigste Flechtenbildner-Gruppe)

-.-/-/-.-/- Leotiomycetes (classis): Very heterogenous group, parasites as well as saprobiontes and mykhorriza fungi (also "proper" fungi) - Sehr heterogene Gruppe: Parasiten, Saprobionten, Mykorrhizapilze (auch "Grosspilze")

-.-/-/-.-/- Lichinomycetes (classis): Lichenised - Flechtenbildner

-.-/-/-.-/- Orbiliomycetes (classis): Parasites, saprobionts, "carnivores" (on Rotifera) - Parasiten, Saprobionten, "Raubtiere" (fangen Rädertierchen)

-.-/-/-.-/- Pezizomycetes (classis): Sac fungi "proper" - "Eigentliche" Schlauchpilze (Grosspilze)

-.-/-/-.-/- Sordariomycetes (classis): Parasites, saprobionts, pathogenes, endophytes (also "fungi proper") - Parasiten, Saprobionten, Pathogene (krankheitsauslösend), Endophyten (nicht notwendig krankheitsauslösend, aber in Fremdorganismen lebend)

-.-/-/- Basidiomycota (phylum): Basidienpilze

-.-/-/-.- 2 classis incertae sedis: Wallemiomycetes, Entorrhizomycetes

-.-/-/-.- Pucciniomycotina (subphylum): Mostly plant parasites - Rostpilze und Verwandte (überwiegend Pflanzenparasiten)

-.-/-/-.- Ustilaginomycotina (subphylum): Parasites - Brandpilze (Parasiten, überwiegend an Pflanzen)

-.-/-/-.-/- Ustilaginomycetes (classis): Parasites - Brandpilze

-.-/-/-.-/- Exobasidiomycetes (classis): Parasites - Brandpilze

-.-/-/-.- Teliomycotina (classis): Parasites - Rostpilze

-.-/-/-.-/- Urediniomycetes (classis): Parasites - Rostpilze

-.-/-/-.- Agaricomycotina [Hymenomycetes] (subphylum): "Mushrooms proper" - Ständerpilze

-.-/-/-.-/- Tremellomycetes (classis): Gallertpilze

-.-/-/-.-/- Dacrymycetes (classis): Gallerttränenpilze

-.-/-/-.-/- Agaricomycetes [Homobasidiomycetes] (classis): "Mushrooms proper" - "eigentliche" Ständerpilze

animalia

>> ARBOR VITAE

- Metazoa (regnum): Animals - Tiere

[- Parazoa (divisio, dismissed): Gewebelose = Porifera + Placozoa]

-.- Porifera (phylum): Sponges - Schwämme

-.-/- Placozoa (phylum)

-.-/- Myxozoa (phylum?): Some parasitic animals, probably to be subsumed under Cnidaria

-.-/- Cnidaria (phylum): Jellyfish, sea anemones, corals, hydra, etc. - Nesseltiere

-.-/- Ctenophora (phylum): Comb-jellies - Rippenquallen

-.-/- Bilateria (subdivisio): Bilaterally symmetrical animals (most animals) - Zweiseitentiere

-.-/-.- Animalia incertae sedis (primitive Bilateria): Chaetognatha, Gastrotricha, Rotifera, Gnathostimulida, Micrognathozoa, Cycliophora, Mesozoa, Platyhelminthes

-.-/-.- Lophotrochozoa (superphylum): Squids, snails and many worms at Protostomia rank (mouth develops from blastopore) - Kopffüsser, Weichtiere, Würmer etc. (Urmünder: Mund entsteht aus Urmund)

-.-/-.- Ecdysozoa (superphylum): Insects and other animals (worms) at Protostomia rank - Häutungstiere: Insekten, Würmer u. a.

-.-/-.- Deuterostomia (superphylum): Blastopore (first opening) becomes anus (higher Bilateria) - Neumünder (Urmund wird zum After, Mund entsteht aus Urdarm)

plantae

>> ARBOR VITAE

Plantae: Plants - Pflanzen

- Phylogenetic model including some algae: while the Embryophyta model below just includes "plants proper" phylogenetically some algae are closer to plants, as shown here (according to German Wiki):

- Archaeplastida ["regnum" level]: Green and Red Algae and Plants

-/- Glaucophyta (phylum): primitive monocellular algae

-/- Rhodophyta (phylum): red algae

-/- Chloroplastida (phylum): green algae and plants

-/-.- Chlorophyta: green algae

-/-.- Chlorodendrales: green algae

-/-.- Prasinophyceae: green algae

-/-.- Mesostigma: green algae

-/-.- Charophyta (phylum): Charales and plants

-/-.-/- Streptophytina

-/-.-/-.- Charales (ordo): Armleuchteralgen

-/-.-/-.- Plantae (regnum): Plants proper - Pflanzen

Here the more traditional model, reduced to plants proper (Embryophyta):

- Embryophyta (regnum): Land plants - Landpflanzen (Archegoniatae, 'Cormobionta')

Tracheophyta based on Fischer & al., Exkursionsflora A-LIE-SüdT (2008 3rd) which itself, in principle, is based on Strasburger (German Wiki) [Taxonomy of flowering plants] but uses some categorisations of more traditional models (Wettstein, Engler etc.) to avoid taxa incertae sedis. Bryophyta is a polyphyletic group, see English Wiki.

-/- Bryophyta (supradivisio): Mosses - Moose: polyphyletic; they consider rather steps towards higher plants and thus cannot be considered a closely related monophyletic group

-/-.- Hepaticophytina [Hepaticae] (divisio): Lebermoose

-/-.-.- Bryopsida (divisio): Laubmoose

-/-.-.-.- Anthocerotophyta (divisio): Hornmoose ("sister group" to Tracheophyta)

-/- Tracheophyta (supradivisio): Vascular plants (higher plants) - Gefässpflanzen (Höhere Pflanzen) (Cormophyta, Siphonophyta); for a possible phylogenetic tree see Tracheophyta (phylogenetic tree)

-/-/- Pteridophyta (divisio): Ferns and fern allies - Gefässsporenpflanzen (Farnartige, Farnverwandte)

-/-/-.- Lycophytina (subdivisio): Clubmosses - Bärlapppflanzen

-/-/-.-/- Lycopsida (classis): Clubmosses - Bärlapppflanzen

-/-/-.- Sphenophytina (subdivisio): Horsetails - Schachtelhalmpflanzen

-/-/-.-/- Sphenopsida (classis): Horsetails - Schachtelhalmpflanzen

-/-/-.- Pteridophytina (subdivisio): Ferns - Farnpflanzen, Farne iwS (Polypodiophytina)

-/-/-.-/- Ophioglossopsida (classis): Adder's tongue plants - Natternzungenpflanzen

-/-/-.-/- Polypodiopsida (classis): Ferns proper - Eigentliche Farne (Farne ieS)

-/-/- Spermatophyta (divisio): Flowering plants - Samenpflanzen (Blütenpflanzen); see also Spermatophyta (phylogenetic tree)

-/-/-.- Coniferophytina (subdivisio): Conifers and conifer allies - Nadel-Nacktsamer (Gymnospermae p.p.)

-/-/-.- Cyadophyt(in)a + Gnetophyt(in)a (subdivisio): Cycads - Fieder-Nacktsamer (Gymnospermae p.p.)

-/-/-.- Angiospermophytina (subdivisio): Flowering plants - Bedecktsamer (Angiospermae)

-/-/-.-/- Magnoliopsida s. strictiss. (classis): Dicots with magnolia-like pollen - Einfurchenpollen-Zweikeimblättrige, (Urdikotylen) (Magnoliidae s. lat., Dicotyledoneae p. p. min.)

-/-/-.-/- Rosopsida (classis): Dicots with rose-like pollen - Dreifurchenpollen-Zweikeimblättrige, (Eudikotylen) (Dicotyledoneae p. p. max.)

-/-/-.-/- Liliopsida (classis): Monocots - Einkeimblättrige (Monocotyledoneae)

APG system of plant taxonomy from 1998 (revised to the APG III system in 2009), based on DNA sequencing and due to change further in the next years as more data become available (see English Wiki link):

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